Linux From Scratch HOWTO: Installing basic system software

9. Installing basic system software

In this chapter we will install all the software that belongs to a basic Linux system. After you're done with this chapter you have a fully working Linux system. The remaining chapters deals with optional issues such as setting up networking, internet servers + clients (telnet, ftp, http, email), setting up Internet itself and the X Window System. You can skip chapters at your own discretion. If you don't plan on going online with the LFS system there's little use to install the ppp daemon to give an example.

There are a number of packages that need to be linked statically before we can start installing all the basic system software. A typical configure scripts needs programs like rm, grep, sed, mv, cat, cp, diff. You need to be able to ungzip and untar archives, you need to link programs after you have compiled the objects files. All these (and a few more) programs needs to be available before we can install anything else. During the installatin of the basic system software set, we will re-install the statically linked software so that they are linked dynamically against the C library on the LFS system.

9.1 Preparing LFS system for installing basic system software

Installing Binutils

Unpack the binutils archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-all-static
cp gas/as-new $LFS/usr/bin/as
cp gas/gasp-new $LFS/usr/bin/gasp
cp ld/ld-new $LFS/usr/bin/ld
cd binutils
cp addr2line ar c++filt nm-new objcopy objdump ranlib size strings strip-new $LFS/usr/bin
mv $LFS/usr/bin/nm-new $LFS/usr/bin/nm
mv $LFS/usr/bin/strip-new $LFS/usr/bin/strip

Install Diffutils

Unpack the diffutils archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cp cmp diff diff3 sdiff $LFS/usr/bin

This package is known to cause static linking problems on certain platforms. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a fixed package from http:/tts.ookhoi.dds.nl/lfs-howto/download/diffutils-2.7-lfs.tar.gz

Installing Fileutils

Unpack the fileutils archive
Install the pacakge by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cd src
cp chgrp chmod chown cp dd  df dir dircolors du ginstall ln ls mkdir mkfifo mknod mv rm rmdir sync touch vdir $LFS/usr/bin
cd $LFS/bin
mv ginstall install
ln -s install ginstall

Installing grep

Unpack the grep archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cd src
cp egrep fgrep grep $LFS/usr/bin

Installing gzip

Unpack the gzip archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cp gunzip gzip $LFS/bin

This package is known to cause compilation problems on all platforms we have access to. If you're having trouble compiling this package as well, you can download a fixed package from http:/tts.ookhoi.dds.nl/lfs-howto/download/gzip-1.2.4-lfs.tar.gz

Installing Make

Unpack the Make archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cp make $LFS/usr/bin

Installing Sed

Unpack the sed archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cp sed/sed $LFS/usr/bin

Installing Sh-utils

Unpack the sh-utils archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cd src
cp basename chroot date dirname echo env expr factor false groups hostid hostname id logname nice nohup pathchk pinky printenv printf pwd seq sleep stty su tee test true tty uname uptime users who whoami yes $LFS/usr/bin

Installing Tar

Unpack the tar archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cp src/tar $LFS/bin

Installing Textutils

Unpack the textutils archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
make LDFLAGS=-static
cd src
cp cat cksum comm csplit cut expand fmt fold head join md5sum nl od paste pr ptx sort split sum tac tail tr tsort unexpand uniq wc $LFS/usr/bin

Installing Util-linux

Unpack the util-linux archive
Install the package by running:

./configure
cd lib;make
cd ../mount;make LDFLAGS=-static mount umount
cp mount umount $LFS/sbin

9.2 Reboot into LFS

Before we install the rest of the basic system software, you first have to reboot into the LFS system before continuing. Once you're rebooted and logged in, remount the root partition in read-write mode by running: /sbin/mount -n -o remount,rw / /

The installation of all the software is pretty straightforward and you'll think it's so much easier and shorter to give the generic installation instructions for each package and only explain how to install something if a certain package requires an alternate installation method. Although I agree with you on this aspect, I, however, choose to give the full instructions for each and every package. This is simply to avoid any possible confusion and errors.

Installing Bison

Unpack the bison archive and install it by running:

./configure --disable-nls
make; make install

Installing Mawk

Unpack the mawk archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install
cd /usr/bin; ln -s mawk awk

Installing Findutils

Unpack the findutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Ncurses

Unpack the ncurses archive and install it by running:

./configure --with-shared
make; make install

Installing Less

Unpack the Less achive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Perl

Unpack the Perl archive and install it by running:

./Configure
make; make install

Note that we skip the 'make test' step. This is because at this moment the system isn't ready yet for running the perl test. At this time we'll trust that perl compiled fine.

Installing M4

Unpack the M4 archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Texinfo

Unpack the Texinfo archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Autoconf

Unpack the Autoconf archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Automake

Unpack the Automake archive and install it by running:

./configure
make install

Installing Bash

Unpack the Bash archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Flex

Unpack the Flex archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Binutils

Unpack the Binutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Diffutils

Unpack the Diffutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing E2fsprogs

Unpack the E2fsprogs archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing File

Unpack the File archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Fileutils

Unpack the Fileutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install
cd /usr/bin 
rm ginstall; ln -s install ginstall

Installing GCC

Unpack the GCC archive and install it by running:

./configure
make LANGUAGES=c
make stage1
make CC="stage1/xgcc -Bstage1/" CFLAGS="-g -O2" LANGUAGES=c
make stage2
make CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O2" LANGUAGES=c
make compare
make CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O2" LANGUAGES=c install

Installing Grep

Unpack the Grep archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Groff

Unpack the Groff archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Gzip

Unpack the Gzip archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Ld.so

Unpack the Ld.so archive and install it by running:

cd util; make ldd ldconfig
cp ldd /bin; cp ldconfig /sbin

Installing Libtool

Unpack the Libtool archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Linux86

Unpack the Linux86 archive and install it by running:

cd as
make; make install
cd ../ld
make; make install

Installing Lilo

Unpack the Lilo archive and install it by running:

make; make install

Installing Make

Unpack the Make archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Shadow Password Suite

Unpack the Shadow archive and install it by running:

./configure 
make; make install
cd etc
cp limits login.access login.defs.linux shells suauth /etc
mv /etc/login.defs.linux /etc/login.defs

Installing Man-db

Unpack the Man-db archive and install it by running:

groupadd -g 1 man
useradd -u 1 -g man man
./configure
make; make install

Installing Modutils

Unpack the Modutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Termcap

Unpack the Termcap archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Procinfo

Unpack the Procinfo archive and install it by running:

make; make install

Installing Procps

Unpack the Procps archive and install it by running:

make; make XSCPT="" install

Installing Psmisc

Unpack the Psmisc archive and install it by running:

make; make install

Installing Sed

Unpack the Sed archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Sh-utils

Unpack the Sh-utils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing start-stop-daemon

Unpack the Dpkg archive and install it by running:

cd scripts; make start-stop-daemon
cp start-stop-daemon /usr/sbin
cp start-stop-daemon.8 /usr/man/man8

Installing Sysklogd

Unpack the Sysklogd archive and install it by running:

make; make install

Installing Sysvinit

Unpack the Sysvinit archive and install it by running:

cd src
make; make install

Install Tar

Unpack the Tar archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Textutils

Unpack the Textutils archive and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

Installing Util-linux

Unpack the Util-linux package and install it by running:

./configure
cd lib; make
cd clock; make; make install
cd ../disk-utils; make; make install
cd ../fdisk; make; make install
cd ../login-utils; make agetty
cp agetty /sbin; cp agetty.8 /usr/man/man8
cd ../mount; make; make install
cd ../sys-utils; make; make install
cd ../text-utils; make MOREHELPDIR=/usr/share/more
make MOREHELPDIR=/usr/share/mor install

Installing Vim

Unpack the Vim-rt and Vim-src archives and install it by running:

./configure
make; make install

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